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28

【論述題】

?Recommend, with supporting calculations, which of the two main courses of action suggested is?the more advantageous from a purely cost and financial point of view.?

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考點:Chapter6Short-termdecisions

Full cost of production per kg of X??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? $?

Direct materials? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?17.33?

Direct labour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?7.36?

Production overhead (200% of labour)? ? ? ? ? ? ?14.72??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 39.41?

The quantity of inventory in hand is therefore $51,900/$39.41 = 1,317 kg?

At a weekly sales volume of 74 kg, this represents 1,317/74 = about 18 weeks of sales?

It will take 20 weeks to set up the production facility for Y, and so inventory in hand of finished X?can be sold before any Y can be produced. This finished inventory is therefore irrelevant to the?decision under review; it will be sold whatever decision is taken.?

The problem therefore centres on the inventory in hand of direct materials. Assuming that there is?no loss or wastage in manufacture and so 1 kg of direct material is needed to produce 1 kg of X?then inventory in hand is $44,800/$17.33 = 2,585 kg.?

This would be converted into 2,585 kg of X, which would represent sales volume for 2,585/74 = 35?weeks.?

If AB sells its existing inventories of finished X (in 18 weeks) there are two options.?

(i) To produce enough X from raw materials for 2 more weeks, until production of Y can start,?and then dispose of all other quantities of direct material – ie 33 weeks' supply.?

(ii) To produce enough X from raw materials to use up the existing inventory of raw materials,?and so delay the introduction of Y by 33 weeks.?

The relevant costs of these two options?

(i) Direct materials. The relevant cost of existing inventories of raw materials is $(0.30). In?other words the 'cost' is a benefit. By using the direct materials to make more X, the?company would save $0.30 per kg used.?

(ii) Direct labour. It is assumed that, if labour is switched to production work from non-production work in the next three months, they must be paid at the full rate of pay, and not?at 65% of normal rate. The incremental cost of labour would be 35% of the normal rate?(35% of $7.36 = $2.58 per kg produced).?

(Note. Y cannot be made for 20 weeks, and so the company cannot make use of spare labour?capacity to produce any units of Y.)?

It is cheaper to use up the direct material inventories and make X ($6.70 per kg) than to introduce?Y as soon as possible, because there would be a saving of ($8.57 – $6.70) = $1.87 per kg made.?

AB must sell X for at least 20 weeks until Y could be produced anyway, but the introduction of Y?could be delayed by a further 33 weeks until all inventories of direct material for X are used up. The?saving in total would be about $1.87 per kg × 74 kg per week × 33 weeks = $4,567.?

多做幾道

?Actual overheads cost $180,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

Actual overheads cost $170,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

材料全屏
5

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each period and for the two periods in total using both absorption costing?and marginal costing.?

材料全屏
6

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Marginal costing?

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Absorption costing?

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