題目
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Ennerdale has been asked to quote a price for a one-off contract. The following information is available.?

Materials?

The contract requires 3,000 kg of material K, which is a material used regularly by the company in other?production. The company has 2,000 kg of material K currently in stock which had been purchased last?month for a total cost of $19,600. Since then the price per kilogram for material K has increased by 5%.?

The contract also requires 200 kg of material L. There are 250 kg of material L in stock which are not?required for normal production. This material originally cost a total of $3,125. If not used on this contract,?the stock of material L would be sold for $11 per kg.?

Labour?

The contract requires 800 hours of skilled labour. Skilled labour is paid $9.50 per hour. There is a?shortage of skilled labour and all the available skilled labour is fully employed in the company in the?manufacture of product P. The following information relates to product P.?


Required?

Prepare, on a relevant cost basis, the lowest cost estimate that could be used as the basis for a quotation.?

28

【論述題】

Prepare, on a relevant cost basis, the lowest cost estimate that could be used as the basis for a quotation.?

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考點(diǎn)：Chapter5Pricingdecisions

Relevant cost – Material K?

Since the material is regularly used by the company, the relevant cost of material K is the current price of?the material.?

Cost last month =$19,600/?2,000 kg = $9.80?

Revised cost (+5%) = $9.80 × 1.05?= $10.29?

∴ Relevant cost of Material K = 3,000 kg × $10.29 per kg?= $30,870?

Relevant cost – Material L?

Since the material is not required for normal production, the relevant cost of this material is its net?realisable value if it were sold.?

∴ Relevant cost of Material L = 200 kg × $11 per kg?= $2,200?

Relevant cost – Skilled labour?

Skilled labour is in short supply and therefore the relevant cost of this labour will include both the actual?cost and the opportunity cost of the labour employed.?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?$?

Cost of skilled labour (800 hours × $9.50)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7,600?

Opportunity cost of skilled labour (see working)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?8,000?

Relevant cost – skilled labour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?15,600?

Working?

Skilled labour cost per unit of Product P = $38?

Cost per skilled labour hour = $9.50?

∴ Number of hours required per unit of Product P =$38 /?$9.50?= 4 hours?

Contribution per unit of Product P = $40?

∴ Contribution per skilled labour hour =?$40/4 hours??= $10 per hour?

∴ Opportunity cost of skilled labour = 800 hours × $10 per hour??= $8,000

?The total relevant costs of this contract are therefore $(30,870 + 2,200 + 15,600) = $48,670?

多做幾道

?Actual overheads cost $180,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

Actual overheads cost $170,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

材料全屏

A company makes and sells a single product. At the beginning of Period 1, there are no opening?inventories of the product, for which the variable production cost is $4 and the sales price $6 per unit.?

There are no variable selling costs. Fixed costs are $2,000 per period, of which $1,500 are fixed?production costs. Normal output is 1,500 units per period. In Period 1, sales were 1,200 units, production?was 1,500 units. In Period 2, sales were 1,700 units, production was 1,400 units.?

Required?

Prepare profit statements for each period and for the two periods in total using both absorption costing?and marginal costing.?

5

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each period and for the two periods in total using both absorption costing?and marginal costing.?

材料全屏

RH makes and sells one product, which has the following standard production cost.??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?$?

Direct labour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3 hours at $6 per hour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 18?

Direct materials? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?4 kilograms at $7 per kg? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 28?

Variable production overhead? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?3?

Fixed production overhead? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 20?

Standard production cost per unit? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 69?


Normal output is 16,000 units per annum. Variable selling, distribution and administration costs are 20%?of sales value. Fixed selling, distribution and administration costs are $180,000 per annum. There are no?units in finished goods inventory at 1 October 20X2. The fixed overhead expenditure is spread evenly?throughout the year. The selling price per unit is $140. Production and sales budgets are as follows.??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Six months ending? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Six months ending??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?31 March 20X3? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30 September 20X3

Production? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?8,500? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?7,000?

Sales? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7,000? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8,000?

6

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Marginal costing?

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Absorption costing?

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